二十世紀新音樂 

New Music in The Twetieth Century

授課教師：楊建章

開課學期：96/2

學分數：3

課程簡介及目的Class Introduction and Objectives

本課程以二十世紀以後之新音樂經典作品，為主要討論焦點，包括：Stravinsky, Schoenberg, Varése, Messiaen, Webern，以及二次大戰後歐洲的 Boulez, Stockhausen, Berio, Ligeti, Xenakis, Lachenmann, 法國頻譜學派等，美國的 John Cage, Steve Reich, Feldman, Crumb，以及亞洲的發展，例如武滿徹、尹伊桑、以及台灣的新音樂創作。本課程進行方式，包括討論作品以及與美學議題，例如，音樂與其他藝術的，前衛藝術的定義，以及二十世紀之後，藝術的定義困難等、以及亞洲藝術創作的全球化困境等。

This course intends to listen deeply to musical works in the 20^th century, including the generation of composers crossing over from the 19^th century such as Stravinsky, Schönberg, and Webern the first generation of twentieth-century composers (Varése, Messiaen) and the post-war generation such as Boulez, Stockhausen, Berio, Ligeti, Takemitsu, Yun, Cage, Feldman, Reich. Discussions of living composers such as Lachenmann, the Spectralists (Murai, Pärt, Harvey), Unsuk Chin, Tan Dun, Chen Xiaoyung and Taiwanese Composers will also be included.

上課要求與評量標準Class Requirements

本課程為以深度聆聽音樂與討論為主，上課方式除了教師講授基本理論知識之外，修課同學之參與討論實為最重要的上課內容。除了在學期末必須完成關於一首樂曲之書面報告外，其餘評量標準皆以期中之討論與口頭報告表現。成績評量標準如下：

Students taking this course are responsible for at least two short class presentations and a analytical paper submitted by the end of the semester. Class participation is highly encouraged.

一、口頭報告 (classroom reports)                                                30%

二、上課參與 (classroom participation and short assignments)   30%

三、學期報告 (final paper)                                                           40%

教材及參考用書Textbooks and References

以下文獻為課程討論與參考需要，修課同學可考慮購買。

Brindle, Reginald Smith. The New Music: The Avant-Garde since 1945. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Cope, David. Techniques of the Contemporary Composer. New York: Shirmer, 1997.

———. New Directions in Music. 6th edition. Madison, Wis. : Brown & Benchmark, 1993.

Whittall, Arnold. Musical Compositions in the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

潘皇龍，《現代音樂的焦點》，台北：全音，1983。

潘皇龍，《讓我們來聽現代音樂》，台北：全音，1987。

上課進度Meeting Schedules

UNIT ONE: New Musical Languages after 1900

Week 1 (21.02.2008): Course Introduction

Listenings: Schönberg, Op. 19; Webern, Ops. 5; Stravinsky, Les cinq doigts

Week 2 (28.02.2008): National Holiday

Week 3 (06.03.2008): Igor Stravinsky

Listening: Histoire du soldat; Le sacre du printemps

Readings: Stravinsky, Poetics of Music

Week 4 (13.03.2008): Arnold Schönberg

Listening: Pierrot Lunaire; Variations for Orchestra, op. 31

Readings: Schönberg, Style and Idea

Week 5 (20.03.2008): Anton von Webern

Listening: Sechs Bagatellen für Streichquartett, op. 9; Sinfonie, op. 21

Readings: Webern, The Path to New Music

Week 6 (27.03.2008): Edgard Varèse

Listening: Ionisations; Density 21.5

Readings: Varèse, “The Liberation of Sound”

UNIT TWO: Postwar Avantgards

Week 7 (03.04.2008): Olivier Messiaen

Listening: Quatuor pour la fin du temps; Vingt regards sur l’enfant Jésus

Readings: Messiaen, Techniques of My Musical Language

Week 8 (10.04.2008): Karlheinz Stockhausen

Listening: Zyklus, Klavierstücke X

Readings: Stockhausen, “Moment-Forming and Momente”

Week 9 (17.04.2008): Musiktheater

Screenings: Musico-Theatrical Piece by Nono or Zimmermann

UNIT THREE: New Possibilities in the United States and Europe

Week 10 (24.04.2008): American Composer in the 1950s—John Cage and Morton Feldman

Listening: Cage, Variation I; Feldman, Projection I

Readings: Cage, Silence

Week 11 (1.05.2008): Steve Reich and Georg Crumb

Listenings: Reich, Piano Phase; Crumb, Ancient Voices of Children

Readings: Reich, “Music as a Gradual Process”

Week 12 (08.05.2008): Luciano Berio

Listenings: Sequenza III; Sinfonia

Readings: Berio, "Meditation on a Twelve-Tone Horse”

Week 13 (15.05.2008): György Ligeti

Listenings: Aventures; Streichquartett II

Readings: Ligeti, “Form”

Week 14 (22.05.2008): 武滿 徹 (Takemitsu Toru)

Listenings: Dorian Horizon; Litany

Readings: Takemitsu, “Contemporary Music in Japan”

Week 15 (29.05.2008): 尹 伊桑 (Yun Isang)

Listening: Gagok; Quintet for Clarinet and String Quartet

Readings: Yun

UNIT FOUR: Beyond the Twentieth Century—Living Composers in Europe and Asia

Week 16 (05.06.2008): Helmut Lachenmann

Listenings: Pression; TemA

Reading: Lachenmann, “Four Questions Regarding New Music”; “The ‘Beautiful’ in Music Today”

Week 17 (12.06.2008): Spectrualism—Tristan Murail, Gerhard Grisey, Jonathan Harvey, Avro Pärt

Listenings: Harvey; Murail; Pärt

Reading: Murail, “Spectra and Sprites”

Week 18 (19.06.2008): Contemporary Asian Composers