Music, Body, Mind and Spirituality 

音樂與身心靈

Instructor：Yuh-wen Wang

Semester：Spring 2005, Spring 2003

Credit：3

Course Content and Goal

Does music affect people? How? Merely on the mental or psychological aspect?

Or also on the physical and spiritual aspect?

This course explores the relationship between music on the one hand, and body, mind and spirituality on the other through examination of related literature. Emphasis will be placed upon the meaning and significance of music in terms of the latter three. Reading and discussion will be the main activities in the class, but they are not all. In some classes students will be guided to explore their own intra-mental and intra-physical experience with sound. Readings to be discussed include those in the fields of historical musicology, ethnomusicology, music aesthetics, music theory, music psychology/cognition, as well as music therapy. It is hoped that through these interdisciplinary readings and each individual’s own experiences, students are able to deeply explore human being’s relationship with sound phenomena in terms of mental, physical and spiritual aspects.

Goals

1. to cultivate an independent thinking on the significance of music in terms of its relationship with human beings and lives;

2. to explore and be aware of one’s own reactions to sound phenomena on mental, physical and spiritual levels;

3. to facilitate ability to understand and identify preconception and methodology in the various academic writings assigned.

Requirement

Article report: make an oral report on the main points and reasoning procedure of the assigned article. A handout of 1-2 pages should be made and turned in to the instructor three days before the class report, in order to get suggestion and, if necessary, make correction.

Final project: oral presentation and written paper on a topic to be discussed with

the instructor.

Evaluation

Class discussion ─ 30%

Article report ─ 30%

Final project ─ 40%

Syllabus

1. music and spirituality: ethnomusicological thoughts

Rouget, Music and Trance

Becker, Deep Listeners

2. music and spirituality: historical thoughts

3. music & ethos

4. music and body: music therapy

5. music and feelings/emotions according to musicologists and philosophers

6. music and emotions/feelings under music psychology and cognition

7. music and culture/society

8. Student Presentation & Discussion

Main Reference

◎music and spirituality: ethnomusicological & musicological studies

Rouget, Gilbert. Music and Trance: A Theory of the Relations Between Music and Possession. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985. pp. xvii-xviii; Ch. 1

Friedson, Steven. Dancing Prophets: Musical Experience in Tumbuca Healing. U of Chicago Press,

1996. Roseman, Marina. Healing Sounds from the Malaysian Rainforest: Temiar Music and Medicine. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

Blacking, John. “The Context of Venda Possession Music: Reflection on the Effectiveness of Symbols,” Yearbook for Traditional Music 17 (1985): 64-87.

Lester, D. Brothers. “On Music and Meditation in the Renaissance: Contemplative Prayer and Josquin’s Miserere,” Journal of Musicological Research 12 (1992): 157-87.

◎music and ethos

Plato. The Dialogues of Plato. Two volumes. B. Jowett, trans. New York: Random House, 1937.

----------. Plato’s Cosmology: The Timaeus of Plato. Francis MacDonald Cornford, trans. London: Routledge, 2001.

Rouget, Gilbert. Music and Trance: A Theory of the Relations Between Music and Possession. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.

Ch. 5 Strunk, Oliver & Leo Treitler, eds. Source Readings in Music History. New York: W. W. Norton, 1998.

Wang, Yuhwen. “The Ethical Power of Music: Ancient Greek and Chinese Thoughts,” Journal of Aesthetic Education 38/1 (2004), pp. 89-104.

王育雯。〈音樂，身心狀態，與道德性情─由韓國宮廷音樂《壽齊天》的經驗談起〉，《2001年中華民國民族音樂學會學術研討會論文集》, 頁 62-77。台北市：中華民國民族音樂學會。

梁銘越。〈試論古琴禁情的神經心理功能學與氣功養生術〉，《漢學研究》19/1 (2001), pp. 409-26.

《禮記•樂記》

《史書•樂書》

Berman, Laurence. The Musical Image: a Theory of Content. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1993.

Part I: “Introduction and Theory”

Part II: “Music in Ritual and Education: Ethos”

Part III: “Classical Humanism: Pathos”

Fubini, Enrico. The History of Music Aesthetics, trans by Michael Hatwel. London: Macmillan Press, 1990.

Katz, Ruth and Carl Dahlaus, eds. Contemplating Music: Source Readings in the Aesthetics of Music (3 vols.), New York: Pendragon Press, 1986.

V. 1. Substance

Rowell, Lewis. Thinking About Music: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Music. Amherst, Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts Press, 1983.

Ch. 4: “Dionysus and Apollo”

Ch. 5: “The Mythos of Music”

Storr, Anthony. Music and the Mind. New York: the Free Press, 1992.

Ch. 7: “The Innermost Nature of the World”

Ch. 8: “A Justification o Existence”

----------. 〈音樂與心靈〉，張嚶譯。台北：知英文化，1999.

◎music and body, music therapy

Bever, T. G. “A Cognitive Theory of Emotion and Aesthetics in Music,” Psychomusicology 7 (1988):

165-75.

Bonney, H. L. “Music and Healing,” Music Therapy 6A (1986): 3-12.

Bryant, D. R. “A Cognitive Approach to Therapy through Music,” Journal of Music Therapy 24 (1987): 27-34.

Bunt, Leslie. Music Therapy: an Art Beyond Words. London: Routledge, 1994.

Ch. 1: “The Growth of Music Therapy”

----------. “Music Therapy,” Grove Music Online.

----------. “Clinical and Therapeutic Uses of Music,” in David Hargreaves, J. and Adrian C. North, eds.

The Social Psychology of Music. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); pp. 250-67.

Campbell, Don. The Mozart Effect: Tapping the Power of Music to Heal the Body, Strengthen the Mind, and Unlock the Creative Spirit. New York: Avon Books, 1997.

----------. 《莫札特效應：音樂身心靈療法》，林珍如、夏荷立譯。台北：先覺，1999。

Scartelli, J. P. and J. E. Borling. “The Effects of Sequenced Versus Simultaneous EMG Biofeedback and Sedative Music on Frontalis Relaxation Training,” Journal of Music Therapy 23 (1986): 157-65.

Scartelli, J. P. “The Effect of EMG Biofeedback and Sedative Music, EMG Biofeedback Only, and Sedative Music Only on Frontalis Muscle Relaxation Ability,” Journal of Music Therapy 21 (1984): 67-78.

Steele, A. L. and H. A. Jorgenson. “Music Therapy: An Effective Solution to Problems in Related

Disciplines,” Journal of Music Therapy 8 (1971): 131-45.

Straatton, V. N. and A. H. Zalanowski. “The Relationship Between Music, Degree of Liking and Self-Reported Relaxation,” Journal of Music Therapy 21 (1984): 184-92.

Steinberg, ed. Music and the Mind Machine: the Psychophysiology and Psychopathology of the Sense of Music. Berlin & New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

Thaut, Michael H. “Neuropsychological Processes in Music Perception and Their Relevance in Music Therapy,” in Robert Unkefer ed., Music Therapy in the Treatment of Adults with Mental Disorders: Theoretical Bases and Clinical Interventions. (New York: Schirmer, 1990); ch. 1 (pp. 3-32).

----------. “Physiological and Motor Responses to Music Stimuli,” in Robert Unkefer ed., Music Therapy in the Treatment of Adults with Mental Disorders: Theoretical Bases and Clinical Interventions. (New York: Schirmer, 1990); ch. 2 (pp. 33-49).

Unkefer, Robert F., ed. Music Therapy in the Treatment of Adults with Mental Disorders: Theoretical Bases and Clinical Interventions. New York: Schirmer, 1990.

Part 3: “Taxonomy of Clinical Music Therapy Programs and Techniques” Wallin, Nils L. Biomusicology: Neurophysiological, Neuropsychological, and Evolutionary Perspectives on the Origins and Purposes of Music. Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon Press, 1991.

Wigram, Tony, Bruce Saperston & Robert West, eds. The Art and Science of Music Therapy: a Handbook. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1995.

金成光。〈音樂中的五行與天人合一之理〉，《中國氣功》1993/06: 18.

范啟霞中醫五音理論及其科學價值陝西醫學院學報》張鴻懿。〈發展中的樂治療〉，《中央音樂學院學報》2000/2: 85-88.

◎music and emotions/feelings according to philosophers and musicologists

Budd, Malcolm. Music and the Emotions: the Philosophical Theories. London: Routledge & Kegan, 1985. Cooke, Deryck. The Language of Music. Oxford, 1959.

Hanslick, Edwards. On the Musically Beautiful. 1891.

----------. 〈論音樂的美─音樂美學的修改芻議〉楊業治譯。北京：人民音樂出版社 , 1980.

Kivy, Peter. Sound and Sentiment: an Essay on the Musical Emotions. Philadelphia, 1989.

Langer, Susanne K. Philosophy in a New Key: A Study in the Symbolism of Reason, Rite, and Art. Cambridge, 1957. 2005

----------. Feeling and Form: A Theory of Art Developed from Philosophy in a New Key. New York, 1953.

Meyer, Leonard. Emotion and Meaning in Music. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956.

----------. Music, the Arts, and Ideas: Patterns and Predictions in 20th-Century Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.

Ridley, Aaron. Music, Value & the Passions. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995.

Ch. 2: “Music and the Passions”

Ch. 3: “Value and the Passions”

◎music and emotions/feelings in music psychology and cognition

Dowling, W. Jay and Dane L. Harwood. Music Cognition. Orlando: Academic Press, 1986.

Ch. 8: “Emotion and Meaning” Schwarz, David. Listening Subjects: Music, Psychoanalysis, Culture. Durham: Duke University Press, 1997.

Shepherd, John and Peter Wicke. Music and Cultural Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997.

Ch. 1: “The Problem of Affect and Meaning in Music”

Ch. 3: “Music and Psychoanalysis”

Sloboda, John A. The Musical Mind: the Cognitive Psychology of Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.

Ch. 1: “Music as a Cognitive Skill”

Ch. 2: “Music, Language, and Meaning”

◎music and culture/society

Dowling, W. Jay and Dane L. Harwood. Music Cognition. Orlando: Academic Press, 1986.

Ch. 9: ”Cultural Context of Musical Experience”

Hargreaves, David J. and Adrian C. North, eds. The Social Psychology of Music. Oxford: Oxford

University Press, 1997. Pp. 73-81: “Music, Mood, and Social Influence”

Ch. 5: “Experimental Aesthetics and Everyday Music Listening” (pp. 84-106)

Shepherd, John and Peter Wicke. Music and Cultural Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997.

Ch. 2: “Music and Cultural Theory”

Denora, Tia. Music in Everyday Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Martin, Peter J. Sounds and Society: Themes in the Sociology of Music. Manchester & New York: Manchester University Press, 1995.

Perris, Arnold. Music As Propagand: Art to Persuade, Art to Control. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985.